أسئلة الكيمياء الصف العاشر مع الحل

12 سؤالاً تدريبياً في الكيمياء – الصف العاشر

1. الفصل: Structure of the Atom · سهل

   1. What is the electron distribution of the fluorine atom (Z = 9)?

   • A. (K)²(L)⁷
   • B. (K)²(L)⁶
   • C. (K)⁸(L)¹
   • D. (K)²(L)⁸
   أظهر الجواب ▾

   Answer: (K)²(L)⁷

   Explanation: 9 electrons: K takes 2, L takes 7 → (K)²(L)⁷.

2. الفصل: Structure of the Atom · سهل

   2. An atom has the electron distribution (K)²(L)⁷. Which element is it?

   • A. nitrogen (Z = 7)
   • B. fluorine (Z = 9)
   • C. neon (Z = 10)
   • D. oxygen (Z = 8)
   أظهر الجواب ▾

   Answer: fluorine (Z = 9)

   Explanation: Number of electrons = 2 + 7 = 9 = Z, so the element is fluorine.

3. الفصل: The Molecule · سهل

   3. How many covalent bonds does nitrogen (Z = 7) form in a molecule, following the duet/octet rule?

   • A. 4
   • B. 1
   • C. 5
   • D. 3
   أظهر الجواب ▾

   Answer: 3

   Explanation: (K)²(L)⁵: 5 valence electrons; 8 − 5 = 3 electrons are missing to reach the octet, so it forms 3 bonds.

4. الفصل: The Molecule · سهل

   4. In the molecule CH₂O, which bond links C and O?

   • A. a single covalent bond
   • B. a triple covalent bond
   • C. a double covalent bond
   • D. an ionic bond
   أظهر الجواب ▾

   Answer: a double covalent bond

   Explanation: Structural formula H₂C=O: 2 shared pairs between C and O so that every atom reaches its octet (H its duet).

5. الفصل: The Ion · سهل

   5. What is the formula of the ammonium ion?

   • A. NH₄²⁺
   • B. NH₄⁺
   • C. NH₃⁺
   • D. NH₄⁻
   أظهر الجواب ▾

   Answer: NH₄⁺

   Explanation: The ammonium ion is NH₄⁺; its charge belongs to the whole group.

6. الفصل: The Ion · سهل

   6. Adding sodium hydroxide solution to a solution gives a blue precipitate. Which ion does the solution contain?

   • A. Cu²⁺
   • B. Zn²⁺
   • C. Al³⁺
   • D. Cl⁻
   أظهر الجواب ▾

   Answer: Cu²⁺

   Explanation: Sodium hydroxide solution gives a blue precipitate with Cu²⁺ ions.

7. الفصل: Quantity of Matter - Concentration of a Solution · سهل

   7. How do you read the volume of an aqueous solution in a pipette or flask?

   • A. looking from above the mark
   • B. at the top of the meniscus
   • C. at the bottom of the meniscus, looking from below
   • D. eye level with the mark, at the bottom of the meniscus
   أظهر الجواب ▾

   Answer: eye level with the mark, at the bottom of the meniscus

   Explanation: Reading must be done at eye level, with the bottom of the meniscus tangent to the mark (no parallax error).

8. الفصل: Quantity of Matter - Concentration of a Solution · سهل

   8. On a label, "purity 37 %" for hydrochloric acid means:

   • A. 1 L of solution contains 37 g of HCl
   • B. 100 g of the solution contain 37 g of HCl
   • C. 37 mL of HCl in 100 mL
   • D. the concentration is 37 mol/L
   أظهر الجواب ▾

   Answer: 100 g of the solution contain 37 g of HCl

   Explanation: Purity (mass percentage) = mass of HCl / mass of solution × 100.

9. الفصل: Chemical Transformation · سهل

   9. Find the coefficient a that balances the equation of the combustion of ethanol: C₂H₅OH + 3 O₂ → a CO₂ + 3 H₂O

   • A. 3
   • B. 2
   • C. 1
   • D. 4
   أظهر الجواب ▾

   Answer: 2

   Explanation: With a = 2: C₂H₅OH + 3 O₂ → 2 CO₂ + 3 H₂O. Count the atoms on each side — C: 2 = 2; H: 6 = 6; O: 7 = 7 ✓.

10. الفصل: Chemical Transformation · سهل

    10. Find the coefficient a that balances the equation of the oxidation of sulfur dioxide: 2 SO₂ + O₂ → a SO₃

    • A. 3
    • B. 4
    • C. 1
    • D. 2
    أظهر الجواب ▾

    Answer: 2

    Explanation: With a = 2: 2 SO₂ + O₂ → 2 SO₃. Count the atoms on each side — S: 2 = 2; O: 6 = 6 ✓.

11. الفصل: Acid-base Reactions · سهل

    11. The acid found in vinegar is:

    • A. nitric acid HNO₃
    • B. hydrochloric acid HCl
    • C. acetic acid CH₃COOH
    • D. sulfuric acid H₂SO₄
    أظهر الجواب ▾

    Answer: acetic acid CH₃COOH

    Explanation: Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic (ethanoic) acid CH₃COOH.

12. الفصل: Acid-base Reactions · سهل

    12. What amount of H₃O⁺ ions is contained in 100 mL of hydrochloric acid solution at 0.080 mol/L?

    • A. 0.00800 mol
    • B. 1.25 mol
    • C. 8.00 mol
    • D. 0.800 mol
    أظهر الجواب ▾

    Answer: 0.00800 mol

    Explanation: n = C × V = 0.080 × 0.1 L = 0.00800 mol (convert 100 mL = 0.1 L).

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